Renewable and biodegradable polyurethanes from algae biomass

Renewable polymers have become an important focus in next-generation materials, and algae biomass offers an environmentally low-impact feedstock that can serve multiple uses. We have developed scalable methodologies for production of microalgae-based polyols and isocyanatates for polyurethane synthesis from waste oils derived from algae biomass. Combining purification strategies to isolate palmitoleic acid, followed by ozonolysis to produce azelaic acid, we have developed bio-based polyester diols for polyurethane formulations. This scalable process can be performed on oils from multiple algal species, offering valuable monomers from a highly sustainable source. With diacids in hand, we turned toward diisocyanates, which are commonly prepared by phosgenation of petroleum-sourced diamines. In our search for a renewable source for diisocyanates, we have developed a practical methodology for the production of isocyanates from algae biomass-derived fatty acids or other renewable sources. This technique utilizes flow chemistry to prepare and convert high energy intermediates, thus mitigating safety concerns. The method is efficient, safe, and sustainable and offers an opportunity to prepare isocyanates and diisocyanates from renewable feedstocks and amenable to distributed manufacturing processes. Taken together, these techniqiques afford completely renewable and biodegradable polyurethanes from sustainable waste streams of algae oil.