MXenes, a large family of two-dimensional transition metal carbides, carbonitrides, and nitrides, have the general formula Mn+1XnTx where M represents transition metal(s), X is carbon or nitrogen, Tx denotes surface terminal groups (e.g., –OH, -O and -F), and n ranges from 1 to 4. Their exceptional electrical conductivity, low IR emissivity, tunable surface chemistry, and outstanding solution processibility make them promising candidates for EMI shielding, Joule heating, thermal camouflage, and thermal management applications. However, the widespread practical application of MXenes is constrained by their oxidation susceptibility, weak mechanical strength, and limited compatibility with polymer matrices. These challenges primarily stem from their intrinsic structural defects and strong surface hydrophilicity, necessitating effective surface modification strategies to enhance their stability and functional performance. This presentation will discuss recent advancements in MXene surface modifications and nanocomposite fabrication, highlighting the strategies to improve dispersion, interfacial bonding, and structural integrity. By addressing their critical aspects, we can achieve enhanced environment stability, mechanical properties, EMI shielding and thermal management performance.<!--![endif]---->