The development of multifunctional polymer-based composites is critical for next-generation electronic and energy technologies. Fluoropolymers, such as poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), remain essential in these sectors due to their unique combination of dielectric stability, piezoelectric response, and thermal durability properties that are difficult to match with non-fluorinated alternatives. Substitution in energy storage and defense applications is particularly challenging, as performance requirements often exceed the capabilities of emerging replacements. In this work, we demonstrate PVDF–alumina-rubber composite films as a platform for balancing sustainability considerations with application-driven performance. By incorporating trace amounts of ground tire rubber (GTR) alongside alumina fillers, the composites exhibit tunable dielectric response, measurable β-phase retention, and improved dielectric breakdown strength. Films such as Al81/0.5G achieve a dielectric constant of ~24 at 100 Hz, with resistivity exceeding 4.4 × 10¹⁰ Ω cm², while shielding tests reveal attenuation of beta and gamma radiation. Piezoelectric and thermal conductivity measurements further highlight multifunctional potential. These results suggest a scalable pathway for essential fluoropolymer applications, such as dielectric coatings for electric vehicle batteries and electromagnetic shielding, where substitution remains technically constrained but sustainability can be advanced through hybridization and circular material strategies.

Poly(vinylidene fluoride)–alumina–rubber composites demonstrate tunable dielectric response, radiation shielding, and thermal stability, highlighting their dual potential as dielectric coatings for electric vehicle batteries and electromagnetic shielding materials.

Reymark Maalihan

North Dakota State University

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