A critical demand for advanced biocompatible materials is motivated by the emergence of personalized medicine and recent progress in additive manufacturing technologies. This research aims to create a novel printable bioresin engineered with tuneable mechanical, thermal, and biocompatibility properties through strategic molecular modifications using bone growth and antibacterial agents. Specifically, we introduce a new printable bioresin comprising methyl methacrylate (MMA), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), and a photoinitiator, which is further enhanced by incorporating high-molecular weight polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) to improve biostability and mechanical performance. This organic framework leveraged in-situ chemical crosslinking between MMA and EGDMA and physical crosslinking via PMMA while requiring fundamental modification of the 3D printing process to manufacture this photocurable polymer additively. Additionally, the bioresin was functionalized with nanoscale antibacterial silver oxide (Ag₂O) and bone-growth-promoting hydroxyapatite (nHAp) at various weight ratios to extend its application further. All formulations demonstrated superior printability and exhibited thermomechanical properties suitable for personalized implants as a function of physiological operating conditions. The newly synthesized and decorated resin in its printed form closely mimics bone tissue at both macro- and nanoscale levels, which is crucial for effective tissue integration and the prevention of stress shielding. The final formulation, comprising 0.5 wt.% nHAp and 0.5 wt.% Ag₂O within a 2.5 wt.% PMMA matrix was utilized to validate the printability and performance of complex structures. The resulting materials and structures, exhibiting mechanical properties akin to trabecular bone, underscore the adaptability and potential of this personalized bone repair framework, paving the way for the development of easily printable and customizable implants.

George Youssef

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