Ultraviolet (UV) radiation poses significant risks to human skin, including DNA damage and reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. This creates a need for effective sunscreens and UV filters, such as avobenzone, a widely used chemical UV-A filter, and zinc oxide, a common mineral UV filter. Different UV filters utilize distinct molecular mechanisms to protect skin. Chemical filters absorb UV energy via electronic transitions, while mineral filters scatter and absorb UV radiation through their semiconductor band gap. Recent research has advanced our understanding of filter photostability, including the role of stabilizers and formulation strategies to maximize protection. This review will examine the molecular structure and photochemical behavior of these UV filters and spectroscopic studies of their absorption properties. It will also explore challenges such as photodegradation under prolonged UV exposure and potential future directions.

Abul Rahman

Oklahoma School of Science and Mathematics

Appearances